The Parisian club has now won the prestigious trophy on fourteen separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the match between the French league winners and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring early on.
Yet, Marseille fired two times late to take a surprise lead. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the dying seconds to send the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
The record champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the past thirteen seasons.